All you need to know about Black Holes! - the perfect guide to know Black Holes for Beginners

How are Black Holes formed? 

(here we are talking about stars much bigger than the sun)

In stars, the hot plasma is pulled so hard by gravity that the atoms fuse to form other elements. 
hydrogen fuses into helium, then the fusion releases energy that needs to escape and thus , pushes the gravity and keeps the balance stable. after a while the helium is exhausted the gravity tries to squeeze the star and the core fuses into heavier and heavier metals like helium to carbon ,carbon to neon , neon to oxygen , oxygen to silicon and finally silicon to iron. Iron does not produce any energy and does not fuse thus, the gravity takes over killing the star in a supernova explosion at 25% the speed of light. Now it will turn into either a neutron star or if its denser it would become a black hole. 

The Black Hole

A black hole is a place where the universe breaks. It is so dense that a black hole 1 cm wide will contain the mass of the whole earth. it`s gravitational force is so strong that even light can`t escape.  In the accretion disk the particles travel at very high speeds almost the speed of light. Due to the gravity the time is very x 10^7834 slow(see what I did there).    

    

Parts of a black hole

there are 3 parts of a black hole

 the photon sphere-The photon sphere is the part of the black hole where gravity is so strong that photons are forced to travel in orbits. light consists of photons, so light also cant get away! .it can be seen before the event horizon and the after the accretion disk. 

                                                       

the accretion disk- the accretion disk is a  flow of gas , plasma, dust or particles around any astronomical object in which the material orbiting in the gravitational field of the object loses energy and angular momentum as it slowly spirals inward.

the event horizon- the event horizon is the final border which once crossed cannot be escaped. only things that are faster than the speed of light can escape.

the singularity- singularity is a geometric point in space where the compression of mass is infinite density and zero volume. Space-time curves infinitely, gravity is infinite, and the laws of physics cease to function