Neutron Stars - One of the most Insane Things that are not Black Holes

 what are neutron stars ?

neutron stars are formed due to death of massive stars in a Supernova explosion.

A supernova explosion is a star being imploded because of no fusion energy left in the star.

  

a neutron star is formed after the death of a star(in a supernova explosion) which has a very strong gravitational field. Its matter is so strong that it may be the hardest substance in the universe.

Craziness of neutron stars

neutron stars are crazy. A neutron star 1 kilometre wide contains the mass of 40,000 earths. That means a neutron star 25 kilometres wide would have the mass of 1 million earths.  

The neutron stars can even bend light! this means if you see a neutron star you see its front and back part at the same time. also, the surface of a neutron star can reach the temperature of 1,000,000 degrees Celsius.

the inside

 

the crust  

The outermost layers of the neutron stars are extremely hard and are made from the iron leftover from the core of the star(for that visit the links given at the end of the page.)from the supernova squeezed together with a sea of  electrons flowing through them. the deeper we go the closer the nuclei are due to gravity. The protons decrease as they merge into neutrons.

At the base of the crust, the nuclei are squeezed together so hard , they start to touch. the protons and neutrons rearrange forming thin cylindrical sheets, shaped like spaghetti and lasagne which we call nuclear pasta. now, the nuclear pasta may be the strongest material in the whole universe as it is so dense.(kind of unbreakable). 

the core

we don`t know what is in the core. due to this much gravity the quarks and gluons come out of the neutrons/protons making quark gluon pasta. the quarks might turn into strange quarks forming strange matter. on the other hand , they might just stay protons and neutrons. as i said we don`t know .

back to the outer space

the neutron stars spin so fast that their magnetic field shoots beams of light called magnetars! 

now if 2 neutron stars come in range with each other they start orbiting around each other radiating energy in forms of gravitational waves, ripples in spacetime, etc. this obstructs their actual orbit and they come nearer and nearer to each other until, they crash into each other in a Kilonova. after the kilonova the neutron stars become black holes. this second death of the stars helps us a lot forming elements such as gold, uranium , and a lot more.  but sometimes this second death forms nebula clouds which form stars again , repeating the cycle. our solar system is one example of this. everything around us are the remains of neutron stars . 

More!

https://gurangadteaches.blogspot.com/2021/08/all-you-need-to-know-about-black-holes.html - for black holes

thanks !